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The Changing Face of Fatherhood: The Paternal Role in Interaction with Parental Attitudes

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 33 - 38, 28.07.2025

Ferdağ Yıldırım

Abstract

Parental attitudes and the paternal role are two fundamental concepts that significantly influence a child’s developmental process. Parental attitude encompasses the behaviors, approaches, and communication styles that parents adopt toward their children, directly affecting the child's personality development, self-concept, and social adjustment. In this context, the importance of fathers participating in the child-rearing process as actively as mothers is increasingly emphasized. Numerous studies have demonstrated that especially democratic and supportive parental attitudes enhance the quality of father–child relationships and promote paternal involvement. One of the key factors influencing the extent and manner of fathers’ involvement in childcare is their perception of the paternal role. This perception is closely linked to how fathers define and internalize their parenting role and can influence the attitudes they adopt in raising their children. The level of responsibility fathers assume, their provision of care, emotional support, and participation in educational processes are largely shaped by this perception. The aim of this review study is to examine the relationship between parental attitudes and the paternal role in light of recent research findings. The study discusses the forms of paternal involvement in childcare across different cultural contexts and the parenting approaches, intra-family dynamics, and social expectations that shape this process. The review highlights that effective parenting practices that support child development are shaped not only by individual factors but also by broader cultural and structural influences. In this regard, the study aims to provide a theoretical foundation for future research on parental attitudes, perceptions of the paternal role, and paternal involvement.

Keywords

Father role perception parental attitudes father involvement and parental attitude interaction

Supporting Institution

Yok

References

  • Axpe, I; Rodríguez-Fernández, A; Goñi, E; ve Antonio-Agirre, I. (2019). Parental socialization styles: The contribution of paternal and maternal affect/communication and strictness to family socialization style. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122204
  • Barber, B. K; Stolz, H. E; and Olsen, J. A. (2005). Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70(4), 1–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2005.00365.x
  • Barker, B; Illes, J. E; ve Ramchandani, P. G. (2017). Fathers, fathering and child psychopathology. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.015
  • Belsky, J; Gilstrap, B; ve Rovine, M. (1984). The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project, I: Stability and change in mother-infant and father-infant interaction in a family setting at one, three, and nine months. Child Development, 55(3), 692–705. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6734311/
  • Bornstein, M. H; Putnick, D. L; ve Suwalsky, J. T. D. (2018). Parenting cognitions → parenting practices → child adjustment? The standard model. Development and Psychopathology, 30(2), 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000931
  • Bornstein, M. H; and Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607027
  • Cabrera, N. J; Karberg, E; Malin, J. L; ve Aldoney, D. (2017). The magic of play: Low-income mothers’ and fathers’ playfulness and children’s emotion regulation and vocabulary skills. Infant Mental Health Journal, 38(6), 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21682
  • Carrillo, S; Bermúdez, M; Suárez, L; Gutiérrez, M. C; ve Delgado, X. (2016). Father’s perceptions of their role and involvement in the family: A qualitative study in a Colombian sample. Revista Costarricense de Psicología, 35(2), 37–54.
  • Cheah, C. S. L. (2016). Commentary: Charting future directions for research on Asian American child development. Child Development, 87(4), 1055–1060. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12580
  • Chen, F; Garcia, O. F; Alcaide, M; Garcia-Ros, R; ve Garcia, F. (2024). Do we know enough about negative parenting? Recent evidence on parenting styles and child maladjustment. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 16(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2024a4
  • Deleş, B; ve Kaytez, N. (2020). Okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan babaların babalık rolü algısı ile baba katılım durumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, (84), 101–116.
  • Derné, S. (1994). Hindu men talk about controlling women: Cultural ideas as a tool of the powerful. Sociological Perspectives, 37(2), 203–227. https://doi.org/10.2307/1389320
  • Gaertner, B. M; Spinrad, T. L; Eisenberg, N; ve Greving, K. A. (2007). Parental childrearing attitudes as correlates of father involvement during infancy. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(4), 962–976. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00424.x
  • García, F; Serra, E; Zacarés, J. J; ve Garcia, O. F. (2020). Parenting styles and short- and long-term socialization outcomes: A study among Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072370
  • Gözübüyük, A; ve Özbey, S. (2020). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının motivasyon düzeyleri ile baba-çocuk ilişkisi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23–37. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.763103
  • Gracia, P; ve Esping-Andersen, G. (2023). Traditional gender ideologies and father involvement in childcare: Evidence from European countries. Sex Roles, 89(3–4), 171–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-023-01386-6
  • Haas, L; ve Hwang, C. P. (2008). The impact of taking parental leave on fathers’ participation in childcare and relationships with children: Lessons from Sweden. Community, Work ve Family, 11(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800701785382
  • He, H; Usami, S; Rikimaru, Y; and Jiang, L. (2021). Cultural roots of parenting: Mothers’ parental social cognitions and practices from Western US and Shanghai/China. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 565040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.565040
  • Ishii-Kuntz, M. (2013). Work environment and Japanese fathers’ involvement in child care. Journal of Family Issues, 34(2), 250–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12437708 Issues, 44(2), 498–514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211058658
  • Kapetanovic, S; Rothenberg, W. A; Lansford, J. E; Bornstein, M. H; Chang, L; Deater-Deckard, K; and Bacchini, D. (2020). Cross-cultural examination of links between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent psychological problems in 12 cultural groups. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49, 1225–1244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01232-9
  • Khaleque, A. (2013). Perceived parental warmth, and children’s psychological adjustment, and personality dispositions: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(2), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9579-z
  • Khaleque, A; and Rohner, R. P. (2012). Transnational relations between perceived parental acceptance and personality dispositions of children and adults: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311418986
  • Kırağ, N; ve Çakır, İ. (2019). 0-6 yaş çocuğu olan babaların babalık rolü algısı ve ilişkili faktörler. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 117–122.
  • Ko, K; Kang, Y; and Choi, J. (2022). Patterns of paternal involvement of Korean fathers: A person-centered approach. Journal of Family Issues, 43(9), 2505–2528. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211030936
  • Kök, E. E; ve Ünal, F. (2015). 0–6 yaş çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin babalık rolüne ilişkin görüşleri. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1(4), 1383–1392.
  • Kulakci-Altintas, H; ve Ayaz-Alkaya, S. (2019). Parental attitudes perceived by adolescents, and their tendency for violence and affecting factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(1), 200–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516645577
  • Kuruçırak, Ş. (2010). 4–12 aylık bebeği olan babaların, babalık rolü algısı ile bebek bakımına katılımı arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Kuzucu, Y. (2011). Değişen babalık rolü ve çocuk gelişimine etkisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35), 79–89.
  • Lamb, M. E. (Ed.). (2010). The role of the father in child development (5th ed.). Wiley.
  • Lavrič, M. & Naterer, A. (2024). The power of authoritative parenting: A cross national study of effects of exposure to different parenting styles on life satisfaction. Children and Youth Services Review, 165, 107884.
  • Mutlu, H. (2018). Baba destek eğitim programının aile işlevleri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). ProQuest Dissertations ve Theses. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/baba-destek-eğitim-programının-aile-işlevleri/docview/2925383775/se-2
  • Ortega, B; Mateo, A; Jimeno, M. V; ve Ricarte, J. J. (2023). Age and gender differences in perceived parenting styles and emotional outcomes in early adolescents. Journal of Family
  • Pinquart, M. (2016). Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Marriage ve Family Review, 53(7), 613–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1247761
  • Pleck, J. H. (2010). Paternal involvement: Revised conceptualization and theoretical linkages with child outcomes. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (5th ed; pp. 58–93). Wiley.
  • Rakotomanana, H; Walters, C. N; Komakech, J. J; Hildebrand, D; Gates, G. E; ve Thomas, D. G. (2021). Fathers’ involvement in child care activities: Qualitative findings from the highlands of Madagascar. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247112. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247112
  • Rohner, R. P. (2004). The parental "acceptance-rejection syndrome": Universal correlates of perceived rejection. American Psychologist, 59(8), 830–840. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.830
  • Sameroff, A. J; and Fiese, B. H. (2000). Models of development and developmental risk. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 1. Children and parenting (2nd ed; pp. 3–26). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2000-07057-001
  • Sarwar, S. (2016). Influence of parenting style on children's behaviour. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 3(2), 222–249. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2882540
  • Schober, P. S. (2013). The parenthood effect on gender inequality: Explaining the change in paid and unpaid work when British couples become parents. European Sociological Review, 29(1), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr041
  • Schofield, T. J; ve Weaver, J. M. (2016). Democratic parenting beliefs and observed parental sensitivity: Reciprocal influences between coparents. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(4), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000173
  • Sımsıkı, H. (2011). Baba katılımının ebeveyn tutumu, bağlanma stili ve çift uyumu açısından incelenmesi (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi.
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  • Wang, I. Y; ve Cheung, R. Y. M. (2023). Parents’ gender role attitudes and child adjustment: The mediating role of parental involvement. Sex Roles, 89, 425–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-023-01386-6
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Baba Olmanın Dönüşen Yüzü: Ebeveyn Tutumlarıyla Etkileşimli Babalık Rolü

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 33 - 38, 28.07.2025

Ferdağ Yıldırım

Abstract

ÖZ

Ebeveyn tutumları ve babalık rolü, çocuğun gelişim sürecinde etkili olan iki temel kavram olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ebeveyn tutumları; ebeveynlerin çocuklarına yönelik davranış, yaklaşım ve iletişim biçimlerini yansıtarak, çocuğun kişilik gelişimi, benlik algısı ve sosyal uyumunu doğrudan etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda, sadece annelerin değil, babaların da çocuk yetiştirme sürecine aktif biçimde katılmasının önemi gün geçtikçe daha fazla vurgulanmaktadır. Çalışmalar, özellikle demokratik ve destekleyici tutumların, babaların çocukla kurduğu ilişkinin niteliğini artırdığını ve baba katılımını teşvik ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır.
Bu derleme çalışmasının amacı, araştırma bulguları ışığında ebeveyn tutumları ile baba katılımı arasındaki ilişkiyi ele almaktır. Çalışmada, son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar incelenerek, farklı kültürel bağlamlarda babaların çocuk bakımına katılım biçimleri ve bu süreci şekillendiren ebeveynlik yaklaşımları, toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri, aile içi dinamikler ve sosyal beklentilerin baba katılımı üzerindeki etkileri tartışılmıştır. Derleme sonucunda, çocuk gelişimini destekleyen etkili ebeveynlik uygulamalarının sadece bireysel değil, aynı zamanda kültürel ve yapısal faktörlerle de şekillendiği vurgulanmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışma, ebeveyn tutumları ve baba katılımı konularında yürütülecek gelecekteki nitel araştırmalara kuramsal ve yöntemsel bir temel sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Babalık rolü algısı ebeveyn tutumu babalık rolü ve ebeveyn tutumu etkileşimi

Supporting Institution

yok

References

  • Axpe, I; Rodríguez-Fernández, A; Goñi, E; ve Antonio-Agirre, I. (2019). Parental socialization styles: The contribution of paternal and maternal affect/communication and strictness to family socialization style. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(12), 2204. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122204
  • Barber, B. K; Stolz, H. E; and Olsen, J. A. (2005). Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70(4), 1–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2005.00365.x
  • Barker, B; Illes, J. E; ve Ramchandani, P. G. (2017). Fathers, fathering and child psychopathology. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.015
  • Belsky, J; Gilstrap, B; ve Rovine, M. (1984). The Pennsylvania Infant and Family Development Project, I: Stability and change in mother-infant and father-infant interaction in a family setting at one, three, and nine months. Child Development, 55(3), 692–705. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6734311/
  • Bornstein, M. H; Putnick, D. L; ve Suwalsky, J. T. D. (2018). Parenting cognitions → parenting practices → child adjustment? The standard model. Development and Psychopathology, 30(2), 399–416. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579417000931
  • Bornstein, M. H; and Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410607027
  • Cabrera, N. J; Karberg, E; Malin, J. L; ve Aldoney, D. (2017). The magic of play: Low-income mothers’ and fathers’ playfulness and children’s emotion regulation and vocabulary skills. Infant Mental Health Journal, 38(6), 757–771. https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.21682
  • Carrillo, S; Bermúdez, M; Suárez, L; Gutiérrez, M. C; ve Delgado, X. (2016). Father’s perceptions of their role and involvement in the family: A qualitative study in a Colombian sample. Revista Costarricense de Psicología, 35(2), 37–54.
  • Cheah, C. S. L. (2016). Commentary: Charting future directions for research on Asian American child development. Child Development, 87(4), 1055–1060. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12580
  • Chen, F; Garcia, O. F; Alcaide, M; Garcia-Ros, R; ve Garcia, F. (2024). Do we know enough about negative parenting? Recent evidence on parenting styles and child maladjustment. The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context, 16(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2024a4
  • Deleş, B; ve Kaytez, N. (2020). Okul öncesi dönemde çocuğu olan babaların babalık rolü algısı ile baba katılım durumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Ekev Akademi Dergisi, (84), 101–116.
  • Derné, S. (1994). Hindu men talk about controlling women: Cultural ideas as a tool of the powerful. Sociological Perspectives, 37(2), 203–227. https://doi.org/10.2307/1389320
  • Gaertner, B. M; Spinrad, T. L; Eisenberg, N; ve Greving, K. A. (2007). Parental childrearing attitudes as correlates of father involvement during infancy. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69(4), 962–976. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2007.00424.x
  • García, F; Serra, E; Zacarés, J. J; ve Garcia, O. F. (2020). Parenting styles and short- and long-term socialization outcomes: A study among Spanish, Portuguese, and Brazilian adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2370. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072370
  • Gözübüyük, A; ve Özbey, S. (2020). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının motivasyon düzeyleri ile baba-çocuk ilişkisi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 23–37. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.763103
  • Gracia, P; ve Esping-Andersen, G. (2023). Traditional gender ideologies and father involvement in childcare: Evidence from European countries. Sex Roles, 89(3–4), 171–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-023-01386-6
  • Haas, L; ve Hwang, C. P. (2008). The impact of taking parental leave on fathers’ participation in childcare and relationships with children: Lessons from Sweden. Community, Work ve Family, 11(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668800701785382
  • He, H; Usami, S; Rikimaru, Y; and Jiang, L. (2021). Cultural roots of parenting: Mothers’ parental social cognitions and practices from Western US and Shanghai/China. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 565040. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.565040
  • Ishii-Kuntz, M. (2013). Work environment and Japanese fathers’ involvement in child care. Journal of Family Issues, 34(2), 250–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X12437708 Issues, 44(2), 498–514. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211058658
  • Kapetanovic, S; Rothenberg, W. A; Lansford, J. E; Bornstein, M. H; Chang, L; Deater-Deckard, K; and Bacchini, D. (2020). Cross-cultural examination of links between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent psychological problems in 12 cultural groups. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 49, 1225–1244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01232-9
  • Khaleque, A. (2013). Perceived parental warmth, and children’s psychological adjustment, and personality dispositions: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 22(2), 297–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-012-9579-z
  • Khaleque, A; and Rohner, R. P. (2012). Transnational relations between perceived parental acceptance and personality dispositions of children and adults: A meta-analytic review. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311418986
  • Kırağ, N; ve Çakır, İ. (2019). 0-6 yaş çocuğu olan babaların babalık rolü algısı ve ilişkili faktörler. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(3), 117–122.
  • Ko, K; Kang, Y; and Choi, J. (2022). Patterns of paternal involvement of Korean fathers: A person-centered approach. Journal of Family Issues, 43(9), 2505–2528. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211030936
  • Kök, E. E; ve Ünal, F. (2015). 0–6 yaş çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin babalık rolüne ilişkin görüşleri. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research, 1(4), 1383–1392.
  • Kulakci-Altintas, H; ve Ayaz-Alkaya, S. (2019). Parental attitudes perceived by adolescents, and their tendency for violence and affecting factors. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 34(1), 200–216. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260516645577
  • Kuruçırak, Ş. (2010). 4–12 aylık bebeği olan babaların, babalık rolü algısı ile bebek bakımına katılımı arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Akdeniz Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
  • Kuzucu, Y. (2011). Değişen babalık rolü ve çocuk gelişimine etkisi. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(35), 79–89.
  • Lamb, M. E. (Ed.). (2010). The role of the father in child development (5th ed.). Wiley.
  • Lavrič, M. & Naterer, A. (2024). The power of authoritative parenting: A cross national study of effects of exposure to different parenting styles on life satisfaction. Children and Youth Services Review, 165, 107884.
  • Mutlu, H. (2018). Baba destek eğitim programının aile işlevleri üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). ProQuest Dissertations ve Theses. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/baba-destek-eğitim-programının-aile-işlevleri/docview/2925383775/se-2
  • Ortega, B; Mateo, A; Jimeno, M. V; ve Ricarte, J. J. (2023). Age and gender differences in perceived parenting styles and emotional outcomes in early adolescents. Journal of Family
  • Pinquart, M. (2016). Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Marriage ve Family Review, 53(7), 613–640. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1247761
  • Pleck, J. H. (2010). Paternal involvement: Revised conceptualization and theoretical linkages with child outcomes. In M. E. Lamb (Ed.), The role of the father in child development (5th ed; pp. 58–93). Wiley.
  • Rakotomanana, H; Walters, C. N; Komakech, J. J; Hildebrand, D; Gates, G. E; ve Thomas, D. G. (2021). Fathers’ involvement in child care activities: Qualitative findings from the highlands of Madagascar. PLOS ONE, 16(3), e0247112. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247112
  • Rohner, R. P. (2004). The parental "acceptance-rejection syndrome": Universal correlates of perceived rejection. American Psychologist, 59(8), 830–840. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.59.8.830
  • Sameroff, A. J; and Fiese, B. H. (2000). Models of development and developmental risk. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Vol. 1. Children and parenting (2nd ed; pp. 3–26). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2000-07057-001
  • Sarwar, S. (2016). Influence of parenting style on children's behaviour. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 3(2), 222–249. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2882540
  • Schober, P. S. (2013). The parenthood effect on gender inequality: Explaining the change in paid and unpaid work when British couples become parents. European Sociological Review, 29(1), 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr041
  • Schofield, T. J; ve Weaver, J. M. (2016). Democratic parenting beliefs and observed parental sensitivity: Reciprocal influences between coparents. Journal of Family Psychology, 30(4), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000173
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There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Nursing (Other)
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Ferdağ Yıldırım 0000-0002-0488-3088

Publication Date July 28, 2025
Submission Date June 5, 2025
Acceptance Date June 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yıldırım, F. (2025). Baba Olmanın Dönüşen Yüzü: Ebeveyn Tutumlarıyla Etkileşimli Babalık Rolü. Sağlık Hizmetleri Araştırma Dergisi, 3(1), 33-38.
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